Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 22
Filter
1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e22111, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439497

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose treatment has remained unsatisfactory for over 50 years, given that it is limited to two drugs. Benznidazole (BZN) is an efficient antichagasic drug used as the first choice, although its poor water-solubility, irregular oral absorption, low efficacy in the chronic phase, and various associated adverse effects are limiting factors for treatment. Incorporating drugs with such characteristics into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) is a promising alternative to overcome these limiting obstacles, enhancing drug efficacy and bioavailability while reducing toxicity. Therefore, this study proposed NLC-BZN formulations in different compositions prepared by hot-melt homogenization followed by ultrasound, and the optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DRX, DSC, and thermogravimetry. Biological activities included in vitro membrane toxicity (red blood cells), fibroblast cell cytotoxicity, and trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. The optimized NLC-BZN had a small size (110 nm), negative zeta potential (-18.0 mV), and high encapsulation (1.64% of drug loading), as shown by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. The NLC-BZN also promoted lower in vitro membrane toxicity (<3% hemolysis), and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for NLC-BZN in L929 fibroblast cells (110.7 µg/mL) was twice the value as the free BZN (51.3 µg/mL). Our findings showed that the NLC-BZN had higher trypanocidal activity than free BZN against the epimastigotes of the resistant Colombian strain, and this novel NLC-BZN formulation proved to be a promising tool in treating Chagas disease and considered suitable for oral and parenteral administration


Subject(s)
Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation , Chagas Disease/pathology , Neglected Diseases/classification , Parasitic Diseases/pathology , Spectrum Analysis/instrumentation , Sprains and Strains/classification , Thermogravimetry/methods , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods
2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e19723, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394035

ABSTRACT

Abstract Passiflora nitida Kunth, an Amazonian Passiflora species, is little studied, although the specie's high biological potential. Herein the plant's pharmacognostic characterization, extract production, antioxidant potential evaluation, and application of this extract in cosmetic products is reported. The physical chemical parameters analyzed were particle size by sieve analysis, loss through drying, extractive yield, total ash content, laser granulometry, specific surface area and pore diameter (SBET), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry (TG), and wave dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WDXRF). Total phenol/flavonoid content, LC-MS/MS analysis, DPPH and ABTS antioxidant radical assays, cytotoxicity, melanin, and tyrosinase inhibition in melanocytes test provided evidence to determine the content of the major constituent. P. nitida dry extract provided a fine powder with mesopores determined by SBET, with the TG curve showing five stages of mass loss. The antioxidant potential ranged between 23.5-31.5 mg∙mL-1 and tyrosinase inhibition between 400-654 µg∙mL-1. The species presented an antimelanogenic effect and an inhibitory activity of cellular tyrosinase (26.6%) at 25 µg/mL. The LC-MS/MS analysis of the spray-dried extract displayed the main and minor phenolic compounds constituting this sample. The results indicate that P. nitida extract has promising features for the development of cosmetic formulations


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Leaves/adverse effects , Cosmetics/classification , Passiflora/classification , Thermogravimetry/methods , X-Rays/adverse effects , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phenolic Compounds , Melanins , Antioxidants/adverse effects
3.
Cienc. tecnol. salud ; 9(1): 55-69, 2022. il^c27
Article in Spanish | LILACS, DIGIUSAC, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1390676

ABSTRACT

El metacaolín es el producto obtenido de la calcinación del caolín. La alta actividad puzolánica del metacaolín permite su utilización como un material sustituto del cemento en el concreto. Esta y otras propiedades fisicoquímicas se ven afectadas por las condiciones de procesamiento del caolín. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los cambios del color y densidad de dos tipos de caolín (toba triturada e hidrotermal) por medio de un análisis termogravimétrico del proceso de calcinación. Para la evaluación de la densidad se empleó la norma ASTM C188, mientras que la valoración de los cambios de color utilizó un espectrofotómetro C I E - L* a * b* en conjunto con la norma UNE 80117. Asimismo, la pérdida de peso y la densidad se correlacionaron con las coordenadas de color mediante una regresión polinomial. Los resultados demostraron que la deshidroxi-lación de los caolines ocurrió entre 400 ºC y 650 ºC, caracterizándose por un máximo en el delta E* de 12.9 y 4.3 para el caolín hidrotermal y de toba, respectivamente. Además, el caolín de toba triturada presentó la máxima luminosidad (L* = 92.84) de todos los tratamientos a los 21 ºC. Este valor disminuyó 11.75% al incrementar la temperatura hasta 450 ºC. A partir de esta temperatura,L* incrementó linealmente hasta alcanzar un valor final de 87.3 a 900 ºC. La regresión polinomial obtenida explica en un 93% y 92% la variación del peso en función de los parámetros C I E - L* a * b* para el caolín de toba triturada e hidrotermal, respectivamente.


Metakaolin is a product of kaolin's calcination. The high pozzolanic activity of metakaolin allows its usage as supplementary cementitious material in concrete. This property and other physicochemical properties are affected by metakaolin's manufacturing conditions. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the changes in color and density of two types of kaolin (tuff and hydrothermal) through a thermogravimetric analysis of the calcina-tion process. Evaluation of density used ASTM C188, while the assessment of color changes used a CIE-L*a*b* spectrophotometer in conjunction with normative UNE 80117. In addition, weight loss and density were correlated with the color coordinates using polynomial regression. The results showed that kaolin dehydroxylation occurred at 450ºC and 650ºC, characterized by a maximum in delta E * of 12.9 and 4.3 for hydrothermal and tuff kaolin, respectively. In addition, the tuff kaolin presented the maximum luminosity (L * = 92.84) of all the treatments at 21ºC. This value decreased 11.75% during the temperature increment up to 450ºC. From this temperature, L * increased linearly until reaching a final value of 87.3 at 900ºC. The polynomial regression explained 93% and 92% of the weight variation as a function of the CIE-L*a*b* parameters for tuff and hydrothermal kaolin, respectively.


Subject(s)
Thermogravimetry/methods , Cement Industry/methods , Colorimetry/methods
4.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2018. 97 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-913421

ABSTRACT

A radiação UV pode causar danos à pele humana, e, evitar estes danos, é uma preocupação crescente para a população e um desafio à comunidade científica. Para uma ação efetiva de fotoproteção, a associação de filtros, como avobenzona (BMBM) e ρ-metoxicinamato de octila (EHMC), são empregados. Devido à semelhança estrutural com os filtros solares químicos, a rutina (RUT), tal como outros flavonoides, apresenta atividade fotoprotetora. Apesar da disponibilidade de diferentes classes de filtros solares, o desenvolvimento de fotoprotetores contendo filtros químicos é um desafio, devido à instabilidade inerente a certos filtros orgânicos. As ciclodextrinas (CDs) são oligossacarídeos cíclicos, de formato tronco-cônico, cuja estrutura externa é hidrófilica e sua cavidade interna central hidrofóbica, com a capacidade de acomodar substâncias lipofílicas, formando complexos de inclusão. A formação dos complexos de inclusão pode levar à alterações de propriedades físico-químicas da molécula hóspede, tais como, solubilidade, fotoestabilidade e biodisponibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver, caracterizar e avaliar a formação de complexos de inclusão entre RUT, BMBM e EHMC e as CDs (HPßCD e SBEßCD). Os complexos de inclusão (RUT:HPßCD, RUT:SBEßCD, BMBM:HPßCD, BMBM:SBEßCD, EHMC:HPßCD e EHMC:SBEßCD) foram obtidos pelo método de liofilização e quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Os sistemas binários foram caracterizados em solução, pelo método de equilíbrio de solubilidade, e, no estado sólido, empregando calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TG/DTG) e difração de raios-X de pó (PDRX). As substâncias isoladas e os complexos binários foram avaliados quanto à fotoestabilidade em estado sólido, e, em solução. Incremento na solubilidade (X mcg mL-1) foi observado para os complexo RUT:HPßCD (4,13x); RUT:SBEßCD (4,38x); BMBM:HPßCD (43,3x); BMBM:SBEßCD (53,3x); EHMC:HPßCD (12,7x); e EHMC:SBEßCD (70,0x). Os ensaios de DSC, TG/DTG, e P-DRX indicaram a formação de complexos de inclusão para os todos os sistemas, onde a supressão dos eventos endotérmicos característicos das substâncias isoladas foram observados; porém, nos complexos de BMBM, a presença de avobenzona livre no meio foi detectada, sugerindo, que a complexação não foi completa. A formação dos complexos de inclusão promoveu o aumento da fotoestabilidade em todos os sistemas avaliados, tanto no estado sólido, como em solução. Os resultados reportados neste estudo, indicaram que a complexação de substâncias fotoprotetoras com HPßCD e SBEßCD, pode representar, uma estratégia promissora quanto ao aumento da solubilidade e da fotoestabilidade


UV radiation may cause demage on human skin, and preventing it, is an increasing worry for the population and a challenge to the scientific community. For an effective action of photoprotection, the association of filters, like avobention (BMBM) and octyl ρ-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), are used. Due to the structural similarity with the chemical solar filters, the rutin (RUT), like other flavonoids, shows photoprotective activity. Despite the availability of different classes of sunscreens, the development of photoprotectors containing chemical filters is a challenge, due to the inherent instability of certain organic filters. The cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides of truncated conical structure, which external structure is hydrophilic and its internal central hydrophobic cavity, with capacity to accommodate lipophilic substances, forming inclusion complexes. The formation of the inclusion complexes can lead to changes in physicalchemical properties of the host molecule, such as, solubility, photostability and bioavailability. The objective of this work was to develop, characterize and evaluate the formation of the inclusion complexes between RUT, BMBM and EHMC and the CDs (HPßCD and SBEßCD). The inclusion complexes (RUT:HPßCD, RUT:SBEßCD, BMBM:HPßCD, BMBM:SBEßCD, EHMC:HPßCD and EHMC:SBEßCD) were obtained by the lyophilization method and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The binary systems were characterized in solution, by solubility equilibrium method and in solid state, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). The isolated substances and binary complexes were evaluated the photostability in solid state, and in solution. The increase in solubility (X mcg mL-1) was observed for the complexes RUT:HPßCD (4.13x); RUT:SBEßCD (4.38x); BMBM:HPßCD (43.3x); BMBM:SBEßCD (53.3x); EHMC:HPßCD (12.7x); and EHMC:SBEßCD (70.0x). The analysis of DSC, TG/DTG, and P-DRX indicated the formation of inclusion complexes for all systems, where the suppression of the endothermic events characteristic of the isolated substances were observed; however, in the BMBM complexes, the presence of free avobenzone was detected, suggesting that the complexation was not complete. The formation of inclusion complexes promoted the increase of photostability in all evaluated systems, as in solid state as in solution. The results reported in this study indicated that the complexation of photoprotective substances with (HPßCD e SBEßCD). may represent a promising strategy for increasing solubility and photostability


Subject(s)
Rutin/analysis , Cyclodextrins , Oligosaccharides/classification , Sunscreening Agents , Thermogravimetry/methods , Ultraviolet Rays , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Freeze Drying/methods
5.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2016. 197 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881739

ABSTRACT

A nistatina (NYS) é o fármaco de primeira escolha no tratamento da candidíase oral, que frequentemente acomete mais os indivíduos imunocomprometidos e pacientes com outras desordens (diabetes não tratada, neoplasias, imunodeficiências). No mercado brasileiro, a NYS é encontrada na forma de suspensão oral aquosa, onde o procedimento para sua administração consiste em bochechar o medicamento. Apesar de haver a indicação de que se mantenha o contato direto entre fármaco e a mucosa oral, na qual se encontra a Candida spp., o que aumentaria expressivamente o sucesso terapêutico, a suspensão não apresenta tal propriedade. Assim, a NYS que é fármaco com ação efetiva contra a candidíase oral, é considerada pertencente à Classe IV do Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica, ou seja, apresenta baixa solubilidade e baixa permeabilidade. A baixa solubilidade pode comprometer sua disponibilidade na cavidade oral, e consequentemente, sua ação farmacológica. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de dispersões sólidas de NYS para o tratamento da candidíase oral, e sua posterior incorporação em gel mucoadesivo oral, favorecendo a formulação no local de ação. As dispersões sólidas são sistemas farmacêuticos, onde um fármaco pouco solúvel em água encontra-se dispersado em um carreador, no estado sólido. Os carreadores normalmente são hidrofílicos, o que permite que esses sistemas sejam empregados para aumentar a solubilidade aquosa do fármaco. Assim, foram desenvolvidas as dispersões sólidas de NYS, pelo método de eliminação do solvente, empregando como carreadores, lactose, HPMC, poloxamer 407 e poloxamer 188. Essas foram submetidas à caracterização por análise térmica, usando os ensaios de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e termogravimetria/termogravimetria derivada (TG/DTG). Dentre essas dispersões sólidas, aquelas que se mostraram com comportamento térmico sugerindo a formação de um novo "sistema", foram analisadas por meio de ensaio de solubilidade. Dessa forma, a formulação NYS DS G2 (49) se destacou, pois apresentou maior solubilidade em água (4,484 mg/mL); em pH 5,5 (4,249 mg/mL) e em pH 7,0 (4,293 mg/mL), ou seja, houve um aumento de 1,426 vezes em água; 4,227 vezes em pH 5,5; e 2,743 vezes em pH 7,0. Essa formulação foi, por fim avaliada por difração de raio-X e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, técnicas que corroboraram com a análise térmica quanto à indicação de formação da dispersão sólida. Por sua vez, essa dispersão sólida foi incorporada em 4 bases de géis mucoadesivos de carbopol ® 934 PNF, alterando apenas a concentração do polímero (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 %p/p). Foi observado que a liberação de NYS DS G2 (49) foi superior, quando comparada à liberação de NYS MP a partir do gel, e através do ensaio de mucoadesão, percebeu-se que os géis desenvolvidos apresentaram propriedades mucoadesivas compatíveis com relatos na literatura, independentemente da quantidade de carbopol ® empregada. As características reológicas foram distintas, e foi observado que as formulações Gel A e Gel B, que possuem menor quantidade de polímero, tiverem um indicativo de comportamento de fluido newtoniano, diferente dos demais, o que pode não ser desejado para esse tipo de forma farmacêutica tópica e semi-sólida. Ao final desse trabalho, pode-se concluir que foi possível desenvolver um sistema farmacêutico na forma de dispersão sólida com maior solubilidade que a NYS pura, e sua incorporação em uma forma farmacêutica mucoadesiva, e que a liberação da NYS na forma DS foi muito superior que o fármaco na forma "convencional", o que permite que a NYS esteja mais disponível na cavidade oral, e também junto à mucosa bucal, o que levaria a efeito farmacológico mais efetivo do antifúngico


Nystatin (NYS) is the drug of first choice in the treatment of oral candidiasis that most often affect immunocompromised individuals, and patients with other disorders. In the Brazilian market, NYS is found in the form of aqueous oral suspension, a medication used in the form of mouthwash. Although there is an indication to maintain direct contact between the drug and the oral mucosa, where Candida spp. is found, as well as where therapeutic success would significantly be increased, the suspension has no such property. Thus, the NYS is an effective drug against oral candidiasis, and belongs to Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, it has low solubility and low permeability. The low solubility can compromise its availability in the oral cavity, and consequently, its pharmacological action. Given this situation, the objective of this work was the development of solid dispersions of NYS for the treatment of oral candidiasis, and its subsequent incorporation into oral mucoadhesive gel, in order to facilitate its action. Solid dispersions are pharmaceutical systems, in which a solid drug poorly soluble in water is dispersed in a carrier. These carriers are usually hydrophilic, and this allows the systems to be employed in order to increase the aqueous solubility of the drug. Thus, the solid NYS dispersions were developed by the solvent evaporation method, employing lactose, HPMC, poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 as carrier. These samples were subjected to characterization by thermal analysis, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry (TG / DTG). Among these solid dispersions, those samples which showed a specific thermal behavior suggesting the formation of new "system" were analyzed by solubility test. Thus, the NYS DS G2 formulation (49) stood out, once it showed greater solubility in water (4.484 mg/mL); at pH 5.5 (4.249 mg/mL) and pH 7.0 (4.293 mg/mL), in other words, an increase of 1,426 times in water; 4,227 times at pH 5.5; and 2,743 times at pH 7.0. This formulation was finally evaluated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, techniques that corroborate the thermal analysis, indicating the formation of the solid dispersion. On the other hand, this solid dispersion was incorporated into 4 Carbopol ® 934 PNF mucoadhesive gels, with a variation of the polymer concentration. It was observed that NYS is improved of delivery from the gels, employing mucoadhesion test, and was also observed that the gels have mucoadhesive properties consistent with reports in the literature. However, the rheological characteristics are different, and it was observed that the Gel A and Gel B formulations, which has a lower amount of polymer behaved as a Newtonian fluid, which may not be desired for this type of topical gel. As conclusion, it was possible to develop a pharmaceutical system in the form of solid dispersion with greater solubility than the pure NYS, and their incorporation in a mucoadhesive dosage form and the release of NYS as DS was far superior wherein the drug in the "conventional" manner, which allows the NYS is longer available in the oral cavity, and also adjacent to the buccal mucosa, leading to more effective pharmacological effect of the antifungal agent


Subject(s)
Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy , Nystatin/immunology , Solubility , Thermogravimetry/methods , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Differential Thermal Analysis , Oral Mucosal Absorption , Mouth Mucosa
6.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2016. 211 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-883757

ABSTRACT

A nistatina (NYS) é o fármaco de primeira escolha no tratamento da candidíase oral, que frequentemente acomete mais os indivíduos imunocomprometidos e pacientes com outras desordens (diabetes não tratada, neoplasias, imunodeficiências). No mercado brasileiro, a NYS é encontrada na forma de suspensão oral aquosa, onde o procedimento para sua administração consiste em bochechar o medicamento. Apesar de haver a indicação de que se mantenha o contato direto entre fármaco e a mucosa oral, na qual se encontra a Candida spp., o que aumentaria expressivamente o sucesso terapêutico, a suspensão não apresenta tal propriedade. Assim, a NYS que é fármaco com ação efetiva contra a candidíase oral, é considerada pertencente à Classe IV do Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica, ou seja, apresenta baixa solubilidade e baixa permeabilidade. A baixa solubilidade pode comprometer sua disponibilidade na cavidade oral, e consequentemente, sua ação farmacológica. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de dispersões sólidas de NYS para o tratamento da candidíase oral, e sua posterior incorporação em gel mucoadesivo oral, favorecendo a formulação no local de ação. As dispersões sólidas são sistemas farmacêuticos, onde um fármaco pouco solúvel em água encontra-se dispersado em um carreador, no estado sólido. Os carreadores normalmente são hidrofílicos, o que permite que esses sistemas sejam empregados para aumentar a solubilidade aquosa do fármaco. Assim, foram desenvolvidas as dispersões sólidas de NYS, pelo método de eliminação do solvente, empregando como carreadores, lactose, HPMC, poloxamer 407 e poloxamer 188. Essas foram submetidas à caracterização por análise térmica, usando os ensaios de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e termogravimetria/termogravimetria derivada (TG/DTG). Dentre essas dispersões sólidas, aquelas que se mostraram com comportamento térmico sugerindo a formação de um novo "sistema", foram analisadas por meio de ensaio de solubilidade. Dessa forma, a formulação NYS DS G2 (49) se destacou, pois apresentou maior solubilidade em água (4,484 mg/mL); em pH 5,5 (4,249 mg/mL) e em pH 7,0 (4,293 mg/mL), ou seja, houve um aumento de 1,426 vezes em água; 4,227 vezes em pH 5,5; e 2,743 vezes em pH 7,0. Essa formulação foi, por fim avaliada por difração de raio-X e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, técnicas que corroboraram com a análise térmica quanto à indicação de formação da dispersão sólida. Por sua vez, essa dispersão sólida foi incorporada em 4 bases de géis mucoadesivos de carbopol ® 934 PNF, alterando apenas a concentração do polímero (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 %p/p). Foi observado que a liberação de NYS DS G2 (49) foi superior, quando comparada à liberação de NYS MP a partir do gel, e através do ensaio de mucoadesão, percebeu-se que os géis desenvolvidos apresentaram propriedades mucoadesivas compatíveis com relatos na literatura, independentemente da quantidade de carbopol ® empregada. As características reológicas foram distintas, e foi observado que as formulações Gel A e Gel B, que possuem menor quantidade de polímero, tiverem um indicativo de comportamento de fluido newtoniano, diferente dos demais, o que pode não ser desejado para esse tipo de forma farmacêutica tópica e semi-sólida. Ao final desse trabalho, pode-se concluir que foi possível desenvolver um sistema farmacêutico na forma de dispersão sólida com maior solubilidade que a NYS pura, e sua incorporação em uma forma farmacêutica mucoadesiva, e que a liberação da NYS na forma DS foi muito superior que o fármaco na forma "convencional", o que permite que a NYS esteja mais disponível na cavidade oral, e também junto à mucosa bucal, o que levaria a efeito farmacológico mais efetivo do antifúngico


Nystatin (NYS) is the drug of first choice in the treatment of oral candidiasis that most often affect immunocompromised individuals, and patients with other disorders. In the Brazilian market, NYS is found in the form of aqueous oral suspension, a medication used in the form of mouthwash. Although there is an indication to maintain direct contact between the drug and the oral mucosa, where Candida spp. is found, as well as where therapeutic success would significantly be increased, the suspension has no such property. Thus, the NYS is an effective drug against oral candidiasis, and belongs to Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, it has low solubility and low permeability. The low solubility can compromise its availability in the oral cavity, and consequently, its pharmacological action. Given this situation, the objective of this work was the development of solid dispersions of NYS for the treatment of oral candidiasis, and its subsequent incorporation into oral mucoadhesive gel, in order to facilitate its action. Solid dispersions are pharmaceutical systems, in which a solid drug poorly soluble in water is dispersed in a carrier. These carriers are usually hydrophilic, and this allows the systems to be employed in order to increase the aqueous solubility of the drug. Thus, the solid NYS dispersions were developed by the solvent evaporation method, employing lactose, HPMC, poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188 as carrier. These samples were subjected to characterization by thermal analysis, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry / derivative thermogravimetry (TG / DTG). Among these solid dispersions, those samples which showed a specific thermal behavior suggesting the formation of new "system" were analyzed by solubility test. Thus, the NYS DS G2 formulation (49) stood out, once it showed greater solubility in water (4.484 mg/mL); at pH 5.5 (4.249 mg/mL) and pH 7.0 (4.293 mg/mL), in other words, an increase of 1,426 times in water; 4,227 times at pH 5.5; and 2,743 times at pH 7.0. This formulation was finally evaluated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, techniques that corroborate the thermal analysis, indicating the formation of the solid dispersion. On the other hand, this solid dispersion was incorporated into 4 Carbopol ® 934 PNF mucoadhesive gels, with a variation of the polymer concentration. It was observed that NYS is improved of delivery from the gels, employing mucoadhesion test, and was also observed that the gels have mucoadhesive properties consistent with reports in the literature. However, the rheological characteristics are different, and it was observed that the Gel A and Gel B formulations, which has a lower amount of polymer behaved as a Newtonian fluid, which may not be desired for this type of topical gel. As conclusion, it was possible to develop a pharmaceutical system in the form of solid dispersion with greater solubility than the pure NYS, and their incorporation in a mucoadhesive dosage form and the release of NYS as DS was far superior wherein the drug in the "conventional" manner, which allows the NYS is longer available in the oral cavity, and also adjacent to the buccal mucosa, leading to more effective pharmacological effect of the antifungal agent


Subject(s)
Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy , Nystatin/analysis , Solubility , Thermogravimetry/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/instrumentation , Differential Thermal Analysis/instrumentation
7.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; fev. 2015. 96 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836741

ABSTRACT

A hipertensão é uma doença crônica não transmissível e mais freqüente na população sendo o principal fator de risco para complicações cardiovasculares, tais como acidente vascular cerebral e infarto agudo do miocárdio. Na presente pesquisa estão sendo estudados os fármacos utilizados no tratamento da hipertensão mais especificamente, os bloqueadores do canal de cálcio do grupo diidropiridínicos: besilato de anlodipino, nifedipino e nimodipino. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a estabilidade intrínseca dos fármacos besilato de anlodipino, nifedipino e nimodipino, para isto foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: testes indicativos de estabilidade utilizando as técnicas de espectrofotometria na região do Ultravioleta/Visível (UV/VIS) e Cromatografia em fase Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Termogravimetria/ Termogravimetria Derivada (TG/DTG), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Difração de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de absorção na região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Para o fármaco besilato de anlodipino (AB) pelo método de degradação forçada, analisado por espectrofotometria no UV/VIS, as condições para a análise espectrofotométrica foram metanol e água a uma proporção de (5:45 v/v) e a segunda diluição com água. A leitura foi efetuada a 364,4nm. A linearidade foi estabelecida na faixa de 40,0-65,0 µg/mL e o coeficiente de correlação foi (r) 0,9992. O método cromatográfico, mostrou o diferente comportamento das substâncias nifedipino e nimodipino diante dos meios básicos, ácido, neutro e oxidativo. As condições para a substância nifedipino foram coluna LiChrospher®100 RP-18 (5µm) Merck® fase móvel constituída por metanol e água (45:55v/v), fluxo 1.0 mL/min, tempo de retenção 5,1min, detecção UV a 234nm e vazão de 1.0 mL/min. Foi obtida uma linearidade no intervalo de 5.0-55.0 µg/mL coeficiente de correlação (r) =0,9964. E para a substância nimodipino foram coluna LiChrospher®100 RP-18 (5µm) Merck® fase móvel constituída por acetonitrila e água (55:45v/v), fluxo 1.0mL/min, tempo de retenção 5,8 min, detecção UV a 235 nm e vazão de 1.0mL/min. Foi obtida uma linearidade no intervalo de 5.0-55.0 µg/mL coeficiente de correlação (r) =0,9964. Os resultados obtidos das curvas TG/DTG e DSC mostraram o perfil da decomposição térmica das substâncias estudadas pela Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial. A análise dos resultados de DRX e DSC mostraram que não há evidências de polimorfismo nessas substâncias. No entanto nas análises de Espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na matéria-prima e no padrão de referência. As análises de MEV permitiram observar a cristalinidade das substâncias estudadas


Hypertension is the most frequent non-communicable chronic disease in the population being the main factor of risk for cardiovascular complications, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. In this work, active pharmaceutical ingredients used to treat hypertension were studied, more specifically the blockers calcium channel dihydropyridine group: amlodipine besylate, nifedipine and nimodipine. The aim of this study was to determine the intrinsic stability of amlodipine besylate, nifedipine and nimodipine. For this purpose the following stability test techniques were used: UV/VIS spectrophotometry and chromatography Net phase High Performance. Thermogravimetry/Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG/ DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared absorption (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV). For drug amlodipine besylate (AB) by forced degradation method analyzed by spectrophotometry UV/VIS spectrophotometric conditions for the analysis were methanol and water at a ratio (5:45v/v) and the second dilution with water. The reading was made at 364,4nm. The linearity was established in the range of 40.0 to 65.0 mg/mL and the correlation coefficient was (r) 0.9992. The chromatographic method showed different behavior of nifedipine and nimodipine substances on the basic means, acid, neutral and oxidative. The conditions for nifedipine were LiChrospher®100 RP-18 column (5µm) Merck® mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (45:55v/v), flow 1.0 mL/min, retention time 5,1min, UV detection at 234 nm and flow of 1.0 mL/min. Linearity was obtained within the range of 5.0-55.0 mg/mL correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9964. And for nimodipine the parameters were: LiChrospher®100 RP-18 column (5µm) Merck® mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: water (55:45v/v), flow 1.0 mL/min, retention time 5,8min, UV detection at 235nm and flow of 1.0 mL/min. The linearity was obtained within the range of 5.0- 55.0 mg/mL correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9964. The results of TG/DTG and DSC curves presented the profile of the thermal decomposition of the substances studied by DSC. The results of XRD and DSC presented no evidence of polymorphism in these analyzes, however, according to analyzes of absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR) there were no significant differences in the raw materials and standard reference. SEM analyzes allowed to observe the crystallinity of the studied substances


Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/instrumentation , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Nifedipine/analysis , Nimodipine/analysis , Calcium , Amlodipine/analysis , Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology , Thermogravimetry/methods , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods/analysis , Chromatography , Stroke , Differential Thermal Analysis , Differential Thermal Analysis/instrumentation , Hypertension/prevention & control , Infarction
8.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2014 Jun; 51(3): 237-243
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154236

ABSTRACT

Urinary calculi constitute one of the oldest afflictions of humans as well as animals, which are occurring globally. The calculi vary in shape, size and composition, which influence their clinical course. They are usually of the mixed-type with varying percentages of the ingredients. In medical management of urinary calculi, either the nature of calculi is to be known or the exact composition of calculi is required. In the present study, two selected calculi were recovered after surgery from two different patients for detailed examination and investigated by using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) techniques. The study demonstrated that the nature of urinary calculi and presence of major phase in mixed calculi could be identified by FT-IR, TGA and powder XRD, however, the exact content of various elements could be found by EDAX only.


Subject(s)
Aged , Calcium Oxalate/chemistry , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Middle Aged , Powders , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Thermogravimetry/methods , Urinary Calculi/chemistry , X-Ray Diffraction/methods
9.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 48(2)abr.-jun. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-731952

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el clopidogrel bisulfato existe en numerosas formas cristalinas, que varían en su estabilidad fisicoquímica, por lo que algunas de estas formas, patentadas o no, son útiles en la fabricación de medicamentos. Objetivo: identificar las formas cristalinas existentes en dos muestras de clopidogrel bisulfato materia prima comercializadas para la fabricación de medicamentos y el estado de pureza de ambas muestras. Métodos: las muestras de materia prima se obtuvieron de una industria nacional. Se examinaron mediante técnicas analíticas avanzadas como difracción de rayos X, calorimetría diferencial de barrido, termogravimetría y espectroscopia infrarroja. Se compararon los valores encontrados con los del estado del arte reconocidos en la literatura revisada para el clopidogrel bisulfato materias primas y tomados como referencia. Resultados: se obtuvieron los difractogramas, termogramas y espectros de absorción correspondientes a las muestras analizadas. Se utilizó el software TA Universal Analysis para obtener el porcentaje de descomposición, punto de fusión y picos identificadores en las muestras. Conclusiones: la muestra 1 contiene la forma cristalina I del bisulfato de clopidogrel, que no es pura ya que existe una banda característica de la presencia de contaminación con la forma cristalina II. La muestra 2 corresponde a la forma cristalina II del producto en forma pura(AU)


Introduction: clopidogrel bisulphate exists in many crystalline forms that vary in their physicochemical stability: some of these forms either patented or not are useful in the drug production. Objective: to identify the existing crystalline forms in two samples of Clopidogrel bisufhate raw material for the drug and the purity index of both samples. Methods: the raw material samples were taken from a domestic industry. They were tested through advanced analytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray scattering pattern, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The final values were then compared with the well-established state-of-the-art values found in the reviewed literature for the clopidrogrel bisulfate raw materials and accepted as reference. Results: the physicochemical parameters were obtained from the absorption spectra, thermograms and diffractograms. The TA Universal Analysis software yielded the percentage of decomposition, the melting points and the peak identifiers in the samples. Conclusions: its was concluded that the sample 1 contained the crystal form I of the Clopridogrel bisulfate that is not a pure one since there is a characteristic band indicating contamination with the crystalline form II. The sample 2 had the pure crystalline form II of the product(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Clopidogrel/therapeutic use , Thermogravimetry/methods , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods , Costa Rica , Crystallization/methods
10.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2013. 152 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847642

ABSTRACT

Um novo método de modificação da superfície de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita (HAP) por reação com cloreto de lauroíla foi desenvolvido, gerando a nanopartícula funcionalizada por laurato (HAP-CL). A superfície modificada da HAP foi confirmada por infravermelho, termogravimetria, ressonância magnética nuclear e análise elementar. Provamos por testes mecânicos a capacidade de criar compósitos com alto teor de HAP-CL em matrizes poliméricas de poli(L-acido láctico) (PLLA) e poli(succinato de isosorbídeo-b-L-lactídeo) (PLLA-co-PIS) sem perda significativa de propriedades mecânicas. Diferentes quantidades de HAP-CL, HAP enxertado com PLLA (PLLA-g-HAP) e HAP puro foram dispersadas em soluções de PLLA para formar fibras eletrofiadas. Para comparar a dispersão destas nanopartículas nas fibras e a sua morfologia, análise de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão foram empregadas. A HAP-CL exibiu melhor dispersão na matriz polimérica do que o PLLA-g-HAP e HAP, e permitiu a produção de fibras com grande quantidade de HAP-CL (até 30% massa da fase mineral em relação à massa do polímero(mm/mp)), tanto para o PLLA como para o PLLA-co-PIS. Células tronco mesenquimais derivadas de polpa de dente foram cultivadas em fibras de PLLA com alto teor de HAP-CL, resultando em um aumento significativo da atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), nos dias 14 e 21 (p <0,001) quando comparados com conteúdos mais baixos de HAP-CL, assim como um melhor processo de mineralização apresentado pelos teste de vermelho de alizarina depois de 21 dias (p <0,001). As células cultivadas nas fibras de PLLA-co-PIS contendo 30% de HAP-CL (mm/mp) apresentaram maior atividade de ALP após 21 dias (p <0,05), e melhor processo de mineralização, depois de 14 e 21 dias (p <0,05) do que as fibras de PLLA com 30% de HAP-CL (mm/mp). PLLA e PLLA-co-PIS, ambos contendo 30% de HAP-CL (mm/mp) induziram uma maior expressão de osteocalcina e osteopontina, dois marcadores de diferenciação osteoblástica, quando comparados ao PLLA e PLLA-co-PIS (controle). Finalmente, em experimentos in vivo, as fibras de PLLA-co-PIS contendo 30% de HAP-CL (mm/mp) apresentaram um desempenho superior no processo de neoformação óssea do que as fibras de PLLA com o mesmo conteúdo de nanopartículas. Em conclusão, os nossos resultados in vitro demonstraram que os suportes construídos de compósitos de PLLA-co-PIS contendo 30% de HAP-CL (mm/mp) se mostraram superiores tanto na adesão e proliferação quanto na diferenciação de células mesenquimais de polpa de dente em osteoblastos. Além disso, experimentos in vivo confirmaram estes resultados, demonstrando que estes nanocompósitos são excelentes modelos para implantes destinados a regeneração óssea


A new method of surface modification of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) by reaction with lauroyl chloride was developed, producing the laurate functionalized nanoparticle (HAP-CL). The surface modified HAP was confirmed by infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. We proved by mechanical tests the ability to create composites with high HAP-CL content in poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(isosorbide succinate-b-L-lactide) (PLLA-co-PIS) polymeric matrixes without significant loss of mechanical properties. Different amounts of HAP-CL, HAP grafted with PLLA (PLLA-g-HAP) and HAP were dispersed in pure PLLA solutions to form nanofibers. To compare the dispersion of these nanoparticles in the fibers and their morphology, scanning and transmission electron microscopies were employed. HAP-CL showed better dispersion in the polymer matrix than the PLLA-g-HAP and HAP, and allowed fiber production with large amounts of HAP-CL (up to 30% mineral to polymer weight (wm/wp)) for both PLLA and PLLA-co-PIS. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp were cultured in PLLA fibers with high levels of HAP-CL, resulting in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), on days 14 and 21 (p <0.001) as compared to those with lower content HAP-CL, as well as a better mineralization process shown by alizarin red test after 21 days (p <0.001). Cells grown in PLLA-co-PIS fibers containing 30% of HAP-CL showed higher ALP activity after 21 days (p <0.05) and a better mineralization process, after 14 and 21 days (p <0.05 ) than fibers of PLLA with 30% HAP-CL. PLLA and PLLA-co-PIS, both containing 30% of HAP-CL (wm/wp) induced a higher expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin, two osteoblast differentiation markers when compared with PLLA and PLLA-co-PIS (control). Finally, in the in vivo experiments, the PLLA-co-PIS fibers containing 30% HAP-CL (wm/wp) outperformed the process of bone formation than PLLA fibers with the same content of nanoparticles. In conclusion, our in vitro results demonstrated that scaffolds from composites of PLLA-co-PIS containing 30% HAP-CL (wm/wp) were superior both in adhesion and in the differentiation and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells in osteoblasts. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed these results, demonstrating that these nanocomposites are excellent models for implants for bone regeneration


Subject(s)
Stem Cells/classification , Bone Regeneration/genetics , Durapatite , Infrared Rays , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Nanoparticles , Thermogravimetry/methods
11.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 45(1): 43-49, ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584564

ABSTRACT

Como parte de la pre-estabilidad de la preformulación de auranofin tabletas, se realizó un estudio de compatibilidad química, para lo cual se emplearon técnicas de análisis térmico como la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y la termogravimetría. Previo a dichos estudios se caracterizó térmicamente por calorimetría diferencial de barrido el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Posteriormente se procedió a la realización del estudio de compatibilidad química, mediante la preparación de mezclas físicas binarias entre el principio activo y cada uno de los excipientes. Se detectó por ambos métodos que el principio activo tuvo una transición física de fusión, no reportada en la literatura, lo que permitió poder calcular su pureza por calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Mediante la técnica calorimétrica fue posible inferir la ausencia de incompatibilidad química entre el principio activo y los excipientes estudiados. Además, mediante el cálculo de la energía de activación se estableció el siguiente orden de estabilidad térmica: auranofin:PVP> auranofin:lactosa> auranofin:explotab> auranofin:estearato> auranofin:aerosil> auranofin:celulosa, por lo que se recomienda el uso de estos excipientes en la elaboración de la formulación farmacéutica


As part of the pre-stability study of the Auranofin tablet pre-formulation, a chemical compatibility study was conducted using thermal analysis techniques such as the differential scanning calorimetry and the thermogravimetry. Prior to these studies, the active principle and each of the excipients were thermally characterized with the aid of the differential scanning calorimetry. Then, there proceeded to carry out the chemical compatibility study by preparing binary physical mixtures between the active principle and each of the excipients. Both methods showed that the active principle had a melting physical transition, not reported in the literature, which allowed calculating its purity aided by the differential scanning calorimetry. It was possible to infer from the calorimetry technique that there was not chemical incompatibility between the active principle and the studied excipients. By means of the activation energy estimation, the following order of thermal stability was set: Auranofin:PVP> Auranofin: lactose> Auranofin:explotab> Auranofin:estearate> Auranofin:aerosil> Auranofin:celullose. The use of these excipients was recommended for the preparation of the pharmaceutical formulation


Subject(s)
Auranofin/analysis , Auranofin/therapeutic use , Drug Stability , Thermogravimetry/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods
12.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 44(3): 354-359, jul.-sep. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584535

ABSTRACT

El D-002, ingrediente activo antioxidante extraído de la cera de abejas Apis mellifera, fue caracterizado desde el punto de vista físicoquímico, de igual forma se analizó su interacción con excipientes de interés farmacéutico. El D-002 es un polvo fluido inodoro de color blanco a crema, con pérdidas por secado £ 1 por ciento; es insoluble en agua y etanol, y muy ligeramente soluble en otros disolventes orgánicos. Su composición, determinada por cromatografía de gases, fue: 1-tetracosanol (6-15 por ciento), 1-hexacosanol (7-20 por ciento), 1-octacosanol (12-20 por ciento), 1-triacontanol (25-35 por ciento) 1-dotriacontanol (18-25 por ciento) y 1-tetratriacontanol (£ 7,5 por ciento), para una pureza ³ 85 por ciento. Fue estable durante 5 años en la zona climática IV y su análisis por calorimetría diferencial de barrido mostró 2 transiciones de fusión a 59,0 y 81,1 ºC sin descomposición, una alta estabilidad térmica hasta 200 ºC, así como la ausencia de interacciones con lactosa, almidón, croscarmelosa sódica, polivinil pirrolidona, celulosa microcristalina y estearato de magnesio, lo que posibilita el empleo de estos excipientes en la formulación de las tabletas


The D002, an antioxidant active ingredient extracted from the Apis mellifera bees wax was characterized from the physicochemical point of view analyzing its interaction with excipients of pharmaceutical interest. The D-002 is a creamy white odourless fluid powder with losses by £ 1 percent dry; it is water and ethanol insoluble and very slightly soluble in other organic solvents. Its composition, determined by gas chromatography was: 1-tetracosanol (6-15 percent), 1-hexacosanol (7-20 percent), 1-octacosanol (12-20 percent), 1-triacontanol (25-35 percent, 1-dotriacontanol (18-25 percent) and 1-tetratriacontaol (£ 7,5 percent) for ³ 85 percent of purity. It remained stable during 5 years in the IV climatic zone and its analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed 2 fusion transitions at 59,0 and 81,1 ºC. without decomposition, a high thermal stability up to 200 ºC, as well as a lack of interactions with lactose, starch, sodium croscarmelosa, polyvinylpyrrolidone, microcrystalline cellulose, and magnesium stearate allowing the use of these excipients in tablets formula


Subject(s)
Bees/analysis , Thermogravimetry/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 105 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-865295

ABSTRACT

Visando otimizar as propriedades químicas e mecânicas de compósitos de uso direto aplicados na forma indireta, associados a tratamentos térmicos experimentais (TT), torna-se necessária uma caracterização térmica que permita a determinação de uma temperatura de TT segura (abaixo da temperatura de início de perda de massa). Assim, a primeira etapa deste estudo consistiu em caracterizar termicamente dez compósitos comerciais (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 e Supreme XT- 3M ESPE, Esthet-X e TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV e Point 4 - Kerr), fotoativados pelo método contínuo (C) e pulse-delay (PD) (20 J.cm-2), por termogravimetria (TG) (n=1) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) (n=3). Foram escolhidas duas temperaturas de TT: 100 e 170°C, aplicadas por 10 min, 24h após a fotoativação. A partir disto, avaliaram-se: 1) o grau de conversão (GC), por espectroscopia FT-Raman (n=3); 2) a resistência à flexão em três pontos (RF) (n=10); e 3) a dureza Knoop (KHN) para as faces topo e base (n=3) de quatro destes compósitos (Filtek Z250 e Supreme XT, Esthet-X e Point 4), após diferentes condições: imediatamente, 1h, 6h e 24h após a fotoativação e 24h após fotoativação seguida de TT a 100 ou 170°C. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (nível de significância de 5%). Quanto ao GC (%), houve significância estatística para o fator material (p=0,000): Point 4 (68,42) > Z250 (63,05) = Esthet-X (61,69) > Supreme (54,27); condição (p=0,000): TT170 (73,20) = TT100 (73,58) > 24h (62,60) = 6h (60,18) > 1h (55,10) = imediato (53,66); e ativação (p=0,006): C (62,97) > PD (60,75)


Também foram significantes as interações material × condição (p=0,007) e material × condição × ativação (p=0,013). Para a RF (MPa), foram encontradas significâncias estatísticas para os fatores material (p=0,000): Z250 (165,48) > Supreme (153,96) > Point 4 (131,30) = Esthet-X (128,06); e condição (p=0,000): TT170 (194,56) > TT100 (182,91) > 24h (150,88) > 6h (131,79) > 1h (111,77) > imediato (96,30); assim como para as interações: ativação × condição (p=0,000), material × condição (p=0,000) e material × ativação × condição (p=0,000). Para a dureza, foram encontradas significâncias estatísticas para os fatores: materialativação (p=0,000): Supreme C (82,46) > Supreme PD (80,29) = Z250 C (77,46) > Z250 PD (74,30) > Esthet-X C (69,17) > Esthet-X PD (65,67) > Point 4 C (57,21) = Point 4 PD (56,71); condição (p=0,000): TT170 (81,35) > TT100 (73,72) > 24h (70,36) > 6h (67,92) > 1h (64,99) > imediato (64,12) e face (p=0,000): topo (71,40) > base (69,40); assim como para as interações: material-ativação × face (p=0,011), material-ativação × condição (p=0,000) e face × condição (p=0,000). A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que os TTs experimentais propostos foram capazes de aumentar as propriedades estudadas, sendo, de maneira geral, os resultados obtidos com 170°C melhores do que os com 100°C, e ambos melhores do que as demais condições


Aiming to optimize chemical and mechanical properties of direct composites applied in an indirect way, with an association to experimental heat treatments (TT), it is necessary a thermal characterization, in a way to determine a safe temperature for the TT (below the significant mass loss temperature). Thus, the first step of this study was to perform the thermal characterization of ten commercial composites (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 and Supreme XT 3M-ESPE, Esthet-X and TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV and Point 4 - Kerr) photoactivated by continuous (C) and pulse-delay (PD) methods (20 J.cm-2), by thermogravimetry (TG) (n=1) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (n=3). After that, two temperatures were chosen for the TT: 100 and 170°C, which were applied for 10 min, 24h after photoactivation. Thus, some properties were evaluated for four composites (Filtek Z250 and Supreme XT, Esthet- X and Point 4): 1) degree of conversion (GC) by FT-Raman spectroscopy (n=3); 2) three-point bending test (RF) (n=10); and 3) Knoop hardness (KHN) for top and bottom surfaces (n=3). The conditions were: immediately, 1h, 6h and 24h after photoactivation and 24h after photoactivation followed by TT at 100 or 170°C. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test (level of significance of 5%)


In relation to GC (%), there were statistical significance for the factors material (p=0.000): Point 4 (68.42) > Z250 (63.05) = Esthet-X (61.69) > Supreme (54.27); condition (p=0.000): TT170 (73.20) = TT100 (73.58) > 24h (62.60) = 6h (60.18) > 1h (55.10) = immediately (53.66); and activation (p=0.006): C (62.97) > PD (60.75); and for the interactions: material × condition (p=0.007) and material × condition × activation (p=0.013). For RF (MPa), statistical significance were found for the factors material (p=0.000): Z250 (165.48) > Supreme (153.96) > Point 4 (131.30) = Esthet-X (128.06); and condition (p=0.000): TT170 (194.56) > TT100 (182.91) > 24h (150.88) > 6h (131.79) > 1h (111.77) > immediately (96.30); and also for the interactions: activation × condition (p=0.000), material × condition (p=0.000) and material × activation × condition (p=0.000)


Subject(s)
Spectrum Analysis/methods , Chemical Phenomena , Calorimetry/methods , Thermogravimetry/methods , Dental Materials
14.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 105 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-578257

ABSTRACT

Visando otimizar as propriedades químicas e mecânicas de compósitos de uso direto aplicados na forma indireta, associados a tratamentos térmicos experimentais (TT), torna-se necessária uma caracterização térmica que permita a determinação de uma temperatura de TT segura (abaixo da temperatura de início de perda de massa). Assim, a primeira etapa deste estudo consistiu em caracterizar termicamente dez compósitos comerciais (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 e Supreme XT- 3M ESPE, Esthet-X e TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV e Point 4 - Kerr), fotoativados pelo método contínuo (C) e pulse-delay (PD) (20 J.cm-2), por termogravimetria (TG) (n=1) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) (n=3). Foram escolhidas duas temperaturas de TT: 100 e 170°C, aplicadas por 10 min, 24h após a fotoativação. A partir disto, avaliaram-se: 1) o grau de conversão (GC), por espectroscopia FT-Raman (n=3); 2) a resistência à flexão em três pontos (RF) (n=10); e 3) a dureza Knoop (KHN) para as faces topo e base (n=3) de quatro destes compósitos (Filtek Z250 e Supreme XT, Esthet-X e Point 4), após diferentes condições: imediatamente, 1h, 6h e 24h após a fotoativação e 24h após fotoativação seguida de TT a 100 ou 170°C. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (nível de significância de 5%)...


Aiming to optimize chemical and mechanical properties of direct composites applied in an indirect way, with an association to experimental heat treatments (TT), it is necessary a thermal characterization, in a way to determine a safe temperature for the TT (below the significant mass loss temperature). Thus, the first step of this study was to perform the thermal characterization of ten commercial composites (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 and Supreme XT 3M-ESPE, Esthet-X and TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV and Point 4 - Kerr) photoactivated by continuous (C) and pulse-delay (PD) methods (20 J.cm-2), by thermogravimetry (TG) (n=1) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (n=3). After that, two temperatures were chosen for the TT: 100 and 170°C, which were applied for 10 min, 24h after photoactivation. Thus, some properties were evaluated for four composites (Filtek Z250 and Supreme XT, Esthet- X and Point 4): 1) degree of conversion (GC) by FT-Raman spectroscopy (n=3); 2) three-point bending test (RF) (n=10); and 3) Knoop hardness (KHN) for top and bottom surfaces (n=3)...


Subject(s)
Spectrum Analysis/methods , Chemical Phenomena , Calorimetry/methods , Thermogravimetry/methods , Dental Materials
15.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Assiut University. 2010; 33 (2): 95-105
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-110794

ABSTRACT

Complexes from of 5-methyl-3-furaldehydethiosemicarbazone [5M3HFTSC] and Hg[II] salts derived from inorganic [HCl] and organic hallo acids [CHCl2COOH or CF3COOH] have been prepared. There chemical structures were characterized using elemental analyses, conductivity spectral measurements, thermogravimetric methods and photochemical behaviours. The thermal studies of such complexes using thermogravimetric analysis [TGA], derivatives thermogravimetry [DrTG] from ambient temperature to 750°C showed three decomposition steps. These studies indicated that the thermal decompositions are not simples. The photolysis of the studied compounds has been carried out in the presence of H2O2. It was found that, the photolysis was enhanced in the presence of H2O2 due to the generation of .OH radicals which are very strong oxidizing agent. Biological activity of theses compounds was tested and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The mixed ligand complexes generally are more active than the binary and free thiosemicarbazne ligand


Subject(s)
Thiosemicarbazones/pharmacology , Thiosemicarbazones/chemical synthesis , Thermogravimetry/methods , Photolysis/drug effects
16.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Assiut University. 2010; 33 (2): 187-199
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-110801

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize controlled release ketorolac tromethamine microspheres. To achieve this goal, cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres loaded by ketorolac tromethamine were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The prepared ketorolac tromethamine microspheres were evaluated for their production yields, particle size distribution, morphology, drug content and drug release characteristics. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis [TGA] were performed on the drug polymer systems in order to shed a light on the possibility of solid state changes of ketorolac tromethamine with CAB. A Box-Behnken design was selected for formulating ketorolac tromethamine microspheres with revolution per minute [X1], drug-polymer ratio [X2] and span 80 percent [X3] as independent variables. Three levels of the independent variables were used which equal to-1, 0 and +1 for the above design. The values of the corresponding variables were 500, 700 and 900 rpm for the machine speed; 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 for drug-polymer ratio; 1%, 1.5% and 2% [w/w] for span 80 percent


Subject(s)
Ketorolac Tromethamine/chemical synthesis , Microspheres , Cellulose/analogs & derivatives , Polymers , Thermogravimetry/methods
17.
Journal of Drug Research of Egypt. 2010; 31 (1): 89-92
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-110815

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the decomposition of tenoxicam alone. The raw material's purity, kinetic parameters, thermal behavior and melting characteristics were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. TG.DTA and DSC unit using in an inert atmosphere of flowing nitrogen. The compound was subject to temperature ramp after heating rates, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 from ambient to 800 C. Mass spectrometry was used as adjunctary technique to identify the products of the decomposition reaction. It was observed that tenoxicam decomposed via multistage reaction following melting. The purity was 99.01 +/- 0.16. The thermal decomposition followed first order kinetic, activation energy 87.31 kJ mol and frequency factor of 3.941.I0[7] min[-1]


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Differential Thermal Analysis/methods , Thermogravimetry/methods
18.
Rev. biol. trop ; 57(3): 567-588, sep. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637893

ABSTRACT

Velvet worm taxonomy from Santander, Colombia and thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy of the adhesive secretion (Onychophora: Peripatidae). Onychophoran worms are terrestrial organisms that have changed relatively little since the mid-Cambrian. We collected Macroperipatus geagy in coffee plantations at "Hacienda El Roble", Santander, Colombia, and here redescribe the species based on 15 individuals. A digital three-dimensional reconstruction of the ventral side of the body indicates that the primary and accessory papillae lack a defined distribution pattern. Diagnostic characters: one main tooth and one accessory tooth in the outer jaw, and one main tooth, one accessory tooth and seven denticles in the internal jaw. Measurements: length (X=45.66 mm; SD=26.10), weight (X= 0.95 g; SD= 2.21) and number of lobopods (X= 28.13 pairs; SD= 1.30). We present a taxonomic key for six species of Macroperipatus. The liquid adhesive secretion lost 60% of the initial weight at 70 oC (solid: 13% close to 90 oC). The stability phase of the liquid secretion was within 90-280 oC (100 oC -205 oC in the solid secretion). The starting degradation temperature of the sample was 355 oC. Heat flow changes in the solid and liquid secretions were confirmed by the sample behavior during thermogravimetric analysis. The percentage of β sheets calculated by infrared spectrum was 59%. In comparison with Nephila spiders, the onychophoran secretion lost more weight and entered the phase of degradation at lower temperatures. This secondary structure of proteins gives the onychophoran adhesive secretion a tensile strength and extensibility similar to those of the silk produced by spiders for prey-capture. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (3): 567-588. Epub 2009 September 30.


Redescribimos taxonómicamente el gusano Macroperipatus geagy Bouvier 1899, a partir de 15 especímenes recolectados en los cafetales de hacienda El Roble, Santander, Colombia. De acuerdo con la reconstrucción en tres dimensiones de la superficie dorsal del cuerpo, las papilas primarias y accesorias de M. geagy se distribuyen sin formar un patrón determinado. Características diagnósticas: un diente accesorio y un diente principal en la mandíbula externa; y un diente principal, un diente accesorio y siete dentículos en la sierra de la mandíbula interna. Cuerpo: longitud (X=45.66; S=26.10 mm), peso (X= 0.95; S= 2.21) y pares de lobopodos (X= 28.13; S= 1.30). Se elaboró una clave para seis especies de Macroperipatus. La secreción adhesiva en estado líquido perdió 60% del peso inicial al alcanzar los 70 ºC, la muestra sólida perdió el 13% del peso cerca de los 90 ºC, la fase de estabilidad térmica de la secreción estuvo entre los 90 y 280 ºC en la secreción líquida y entre los 100 y 205 ºC en la sólida. La temperatura de inicio de la degradación de las muestras se registró a los 355 ºC. En comparación con la araña Nephila sp., el onicóforo perdió mayor porcentaje de peso y alcanzó la fase de degradación a temperaturas más bajas. Los cambios en el flujo de calor en la secreción adhesiva sólida y líquida de M. geagy fueron confirmados con el comportamiento de las muestras en el análisis de termogravimetría. La proporción de láminas beta calculado en el espectro infrarrojo de la secreción adhesiva fue del 59%. La presencia de este tipo de conformación de la estructura secundaria de las proteínas en la secreción adhesiva de M. geagy conferiría extensibilidad y resistencia a la tracción, en similitud con las fibras de seda tejidas por las arañas para depredación.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bodily Secretions/chemistry , Invertebrates/classification , Colombia , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Invertebrates/anatomy & histology , Invertebrates/physiology , Spectrophotometry, Infrared/methods , Thermogravimetry/methods
19.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2008. 122 p. ilus.
Thesis in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-948538

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi acompanhar o envelhecimento de uma resina composta de nanopartículas (Concept Advanced®) ao longo de um ano. A caracterização e a avaliação de sua homogeneidade foram realizadas após o envase em seringa de apresentação comercial por meio de Termogravimetria (TG/DTG), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Análise Termomecânica (TMA). No grupo 1, foram realizadas 15 análises ao longo de seringas que não foram submetidas à pressão do êmbolo. Nos grupos 2 e 3, a resina composta foi totalmente removida pela torção do êmbolo e subdividida em cinco porções. Contudo, ao longo do tempo, no grupo 2, as seringas foram mantidas na vertical e no grupo 3, na horizontal. No grupo 4, cada amostra foi obtida de 24 em 24 horas da área central de cada porção por cinco dias. A análise dos diferentes grupos foi realizada em três seringas para os tempos: inicial, seis meses e um ano. As curvas TG/DTG foram obtidas em amostras não polimerizadas, seguindo programa de aquecimento de 25 a 650ºC, em atmosfera dinâmica de ar. A DSC e a TMA foram realizadas apenas no grupo 1, no tempo inicial, para caracterização do material em amostras fotoativadas de 3mm de diâmetro x 1mm de espessura por 20 segundos. As curvas DSC foram obtidas seguindo o programa de aquecimento da temperatura ambiente a 250°C, sob fluxo de nitrogênio. A TMA foi realizada em atmosfera de nitrogênio da temperatura ambiente a 150oC. As curvas TG/DTG de cada área analisada mostraram o mesmo padrão de decomposição em três etapas com percentuais de perda de massa semelhantes entre todas as amostras independente do tempo de armazenamento. Também o resíduo final, considerado como percentual de carga inorgânica, ficou em torno de 71,5% mostrando homogeneidade de distribuição ao longo das seringas. A pressão contínua determinou alteração estatisticamente significante na estabilidade térmica (p<0,05). Na DSC, as curvas mostraram temperatura de transição vítrea na faixa de 94 a 105ºC e um evento exotérmico a ~160ºC relacionado à polimerização secundária da resina composta. A TMA mostrou três faixas de alterações dimensionais e os valores do coeficiente de expansão térmica linear variaram dentro da mesma seringa, não mostrando homogeneidade de resultados.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the aging of a nanofilled composite resin (Concept Advanced®) during one year. The characterization and evaluation of its homogeneity in commercial syringe was made by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA). In group 1, 15 analyses throughout syringes were carried without pressing the pestle screw. In groups 2 and 3, the composite resin was all pressed out by the pestle screw and divided in five portions. However, in group 2, throughout the time, the syringes had been kept in the vertical position and group 3 in the horizontal position. In group 4, each sample was obtained every 24 in 24 hours from the central area of each portion during five days. All the analyses of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were carried through three syringes in the following times: initial, 6 months and one year. The TG/DTG analyses were carried in not polymerized samples, following a thermal program from 25 to 650ºC, under dynamic air atmosphere. The DSC and the TMA were just carried in group 1, in the initial time, to characterize the material in polymerized samples of 3mm diameter x 1mm thickness per 20 seconds. The curves DSC were obtained following the thermal program from room temperature to 250°C under a nitrogen flow. The TMA was carried under a nitrogen atmosphere from room temperature to 150°C. The curves of TG/DTG showed similar patterns of decomposition in three stages, in all groups independent of the storage time, with similar percentages of loss of mass. Also the weight fraction of inorganic fillers was around 71.5%, showing homogeneity of distribution throughout the syringes. The continuous pressure determined significant alteration in the thermal stability (p< 0,05). The DSC curves showed a glass transition ranged between 94 and 105ºC and eventually an exotherm event at ~160ºC. The TMA showed that the values of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion had varied inside of the same syringe


Subject(s)
Thermogravimetry/methods , Calorimetry/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Composite Resins/analysis , Nanoparticles/statistics & numerical data , Data Interpretation, Statistical
20.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 347-356, jul.-set. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468142

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta a análise térmica para os estudos das propriedades físicas e químicas de compostos e de suas misturas no contexto da área de cosméticos. Os autores relatam alguns trabalhos da literatura em que diferentes técnicas termoanalíticas são usadas na caracterização de matérias-primas, produtos cosméticos e amostras de cabelo.


This paper presents the thermal analysis for the studies of the physical and chemical properties of compounds and their mixtures in the cosmetic area. The authors relate some papers in wich different thermoanalytic techniques have been used for characterization of raw material, cosmetic product and samples of hair.


Subject(s)
Cosmetic Technology , Cosmetics/analysis , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Thermogravimetry/methods
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL